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Aim:Ibuprofen is analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug, which is widely used as a cheap over-the counter drug(OTC); however, this drug accompanies anti coagulation/anti platelets effects which sometimes might illicit adverse effects. In this study, we investigated effect of ibuprofen on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet count using wistar albino rats.Methods:A total of 21 rats grouped into 3(control, acute and chronic exposure groups, with all consisting of 7rats each) was used. The acute and chronic exposure group were given 0.7mg of ibuprofen orally for 1 and 21 days, respectively. Blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture thenanalyzed.Results:PT was significantly higher in both group 2 and 3 (acute and chronic exposure, respectively)than that of the control. Acute exposure group showed the highest PT rise.A PTT was not significantly different between group 2 and 3 versus the control group. Platelet count was significantly lower in both group 2 and 3than that in the control group (p<0.05). Group 3 (chronic exposure) showed the lowest platelet count.Conclusion:Oral administration of ibuprofen affected coagulation parameters and a longer exposure reduce platelets count. A strictly prescription for this drug may be needed to prevent its indiscriminate use
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Background: Depression is one of the common mental disorder prevalent worldwide. Use of herbal medicines in the treatment of depression is becoming popular because of adverse effects of existing non herbal drugs. In this study Psidium guajava leaf aqueous extract is screened for antidepressant activity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats of both sex were used. After performing acute toxicity study, dose of test drug was fixed to 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg. Test and standard drugs were administered for 10 days orally. Standard drug used was Imipramine. Antidepressant activity was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test.Results: Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer. Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves showed significant antidepressant activity. Both Psidium guajava aqueous extract (PGAE)-100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed antidepressant effect but compared to 100mg/kg dose of PGAE, 200mg/kg showed significant antidepressant activity.Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves has antidepressant activity.
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Background: Global burden of disease statistics indicate that 4 of 10 most important causes of disease worldwide are psychiatric in origin. Anxiety affects 1/8th of total population of the world and is a very important area of research interest in psychopharmacology. Medicinal plants and plant products are the oldest tried health-care products. Their importance is growing not only in developing countries but in many developed countries. Curcuma amada Roxb. (CA) commonly known as Mango Ginger is a rhizomatous aromatic herb which is used in this country for culinary purposes and also to treat various diseases. The rhizomes of Curcuma amada was screened for anxiolytic activity and locomotor behavior in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups as control (Distilled water with 0.1% CMC), standard (Diazepam - 1mg/kg) and test - Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma amada Rhizome (EECAR-250 mg/kg). They were administered drugs orally for a period of 10 days, and screened for anxiolytic activity using Light dark arena model and Actophotometer for assessing the locomotor behavior on the 10th day. The number of crossings and time spent in light arena for anxiolytic activity, and the number of movements in Actophotometer was noted. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test using GraphPad InStat software.Results: Curcuma amada (250mg/kg) showed increased time spent in light arena and decreased locomotor behavior which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Curcuma amada possesses significant anxiolytic with CNS depressant activity.
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Background: Diabetes prevalence is estimated to increase annually. Numerous people use traditional medicine, such as India also considered as the diabetic capital in the world. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The present study to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of coriandrum sativum. linn fruits methanolic extract in streptozocin induced diabetic wistar albino rats model.Methods: Diabetes induction in wistar albino rats by administration of streptozocin (50mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. 30 wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A: served as normal control, whereas Group B: diabetic control, Group C, D methanolic coriandrum sativum Linn. fruits extract (CSFME) at a dose of 100, 200mg/kg orally, Group E was given standard drug Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) orally. All groups are administered for the period of 14 consecutive days and blood sugar levels was measured at regular intervals up to end of the study.Results: This present research study confirms that the test drug compound CSFME has sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity and statistically significant (p ?0.05) and which is comparable with standard drug Glibenclamide.Conclusions: This research study confirms that the CSFME has antidiabetic activity against streptozocin induced wistar diabetic albino rats. It could be a novel antidiabetic agent and also a dietary adjunct in the type 2 diabetes management and its complication. Further studies are necessary required to confirm the antidiabetic activity of individual phytochemical compounds of Coriandrum sativum.
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Aims: To investigate the effect of Carica papaya leaves on some haematological parameters (PCV, RBC, Hb, WBC and differential blood counts) were investigated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa-State, Nigeria, between. Methods: Thirty male albino rats were randomly allotted to five groups of six rats per group. Haemoglobin (Hb) was determined spectrophotometrically by the cyanomethaemoglobin method, Red blood cells (RBC), was estimated by haemocytometer, using adopted standard procedure. Group1 (negative control) were fed with 100% rat feed. Groups 2- 4 were pretreated with 10, 30 and 50% C. papaya L respectively, while Group 5 (normal control) received 100% rat feed. Rats in groups (1-4), were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg body weight in 0.5 ml olive oil) on the 29th day while rats in group 5 were not administered with CCl4 (normal control). Results: The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were significant increases (p≤ 0.05) in the levels of Hb, PCV, RBC, lymphocytes and decreased WBC and neutrophils in rats in group 5 (normal control) as against the negative control (group 1). Rats groups pretreated with 10, 30 and 50% Carica papaya (groups 2, 3 and 4 respectively), showed significant increased (p≤ 0.05) PCV, RBC and Hb levels, when compared with untreated rats (group 1). Rats that were administered with CCl4 only (negative control), showed significant increases (p≤ 0.05) in the levels of WBC and neutrophils. However, incorporation of 10, 30 and 50% Carica papaya in groups 2, 3 and 4 respectively, significantly decreased the levels of WBC and neutrophils, when compared with rats in untreated group 1. Monocytes levels significantly increased (p≤ 0.05) in rats pre-treated with 30% and 50% Carica papaya (groups 3 and 4 respectively). While, there was zero level of basophils in all the groups. Conclusion: Carica papaya L, may therefore possess and confer erythropoietic properties on rats pretreated groups as evident in the increased levels of Hb, PCV, RBC and lymphocytes.
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Objective: The hepatoprotective role of Tylophora indica ethanolic extract was studied on artesunate induced liver injury in wistar albino rats. Methods: Liver toxicity was induced by administering artesunate110mg/kg orally for 14 days in wistar albino rats. Ethanolic (90%) extracts of Tylophora indica (EETI) was administered orally to the experimental animals for 14 days. The hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was assessed by analyzing the levels of various biochemical parameters like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkalinephosphatase (ALP), γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), bilirubin (BIL) and albumin (ALB) in serum. Meanwhile thelevels of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in rat liver homogenate. Results: The results showed that on administration of artesunate for 14 days caused a significant increase (p<0.001) in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and GGT in serum. The levels of SOD and CAT in liver homogenate were also decreased significantly (p<0.01) in artesunate administered animals. The levels of above biochemical parameters were significantly (p< 0.001) reversed in rats which received EETI. Conclusions: The present study proves that the ethanolic extract of Tylophora indica has a significant protective action against artesunate induced hepatic injury.
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Backgroud: Liver is an important metabolic organ. It has wide range of functions including detoxification, storage of glycogen, vitamins A, D and B12, production of several coagulation factors, growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), angiotensinogen, and biochemicals necessary for digestion (bile). Its damage occurs due to its multidimensional functions, various xenobiotics and oxidative stress leading to distortion of all of its functions. Oyster mushroom which is excellently edible and nutritious has got free radical scavenging activity, and so may be considered as a hepatoprotective agent. Objective: To observe the hepatoprotective effect of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) against paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. Thirty four Wistar albino rats, aged 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 210 grams were used for the study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into two groups –– control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B, mushroom-pretreated and paracetamol-treated group). Control group was again subdivided into Group A1 (baseline control group) and Group A2 (paracetamol-treated control group). Animals of all groups received basal diet for 30 consecutive days. In addition, Group A1 rats received propylene glycol (2 mL/kg body weight orally) only on 30th day, Group A2 rats received single dose of paracetamol suspension (750 mg/kg body weight orally) only on 30th day and Group B rats received mushroom extract (200 mg/kg body weight orally) for 30 consecutive days and paracetamol suspension (750 mg/kg body weight orally) only on 30th day. All the animals were sacrificed on 31st day. Then liver specimens were collected. Histology of liver was done by using standard laboratory procedure. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA test by using SPSS version 15.0. Result: In this study, histological examination of liver reveals abnormal histological findings in 100% of rats in paracetamol-treated group (Group A2), almost normal structure in 80% of rats and mild histological changes in 20% rats in mushroom-pretreated and paracetamol-treated group (Group B). Conclusion: The present study reveals the hepatoprotective effect of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) against paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats.
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Masfon – Aloe vera drink was employed in this study to ascertain its effect on gastric acid secretion, mucus output and cytoprotection. The study utilized forty five (45) wistar albino rats which were divided into 3 batches of 15 rats each. Batch 1 served for gastric acid secretion, while batches 2 and 3 were for mucus output and cytoprotection studies respectively. Each batch was further divided into three groups of 5 rats each (control, low dose and high dose). The study duration was 21 days. The control received 0.3 ml of normal saline (0.9% NaCl solution) while the low dose (LD) and high dose (HD) experimental groups received Masfon - Aloe vera drink (1 ml and 3 ml/kg body weight orally, once daily respectively). The study was done at the Department of Physiology, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Results showed the mean basal gastric acid output (μmol/L/hr) for both low dose (9.92±1.51) and high dose (13.36±1.25) groups were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.001) greater than control (5.20±0.05). Following histamine administration, the mean gastric acid output in the experimental groups were, control (21.64±3.58), low dose (24.64±2.76), and high dose (19.60±1.93). Simultaneous administration of histamine + ranitidine showed a decrease in mean acid output which was significant (P<0.01) in the low dose (11.56±1.96) compared to the control (4.64±0.64) and high dose (5.88±0.89) groups. Results for gastric ulceration showed that the mean ulcer score for low dose (9.60±0.73) and high dose (9.60±0.75) groups were significantly (P<0.001) reduced when compared to the control group (14.30±0.75). The mean mucus output was 0.07±0.01 in the control group, 0.06±0.01 in the low dose group and 0.05±0.01 in the high dose group. Masfon–Aloe vera drink administered at these concentrations is anti–ulcerogenic via a mechanism that does not involve a reduction or increase in gastric acid and mucus respectively.
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Peptic Ulcers are the most common condition experienced by most of the people due to urbanized lifestyle. Hemidesmus indicus R.Br. is a herbal drug mentioned for its treatment in the ancient Indian traditional medicine. To compare the Prophylactic and Curative effects of aqueous and Alcoholic extracts of Hemidesmus indicus in Drug induced ulcers. Aqueous and Alcoholic extracts of the drug were studied for their ulcer healing activity in Wistar Albino rats. Ninety Wistar albino rats were divided into nine groups with one control, four prophylactic and four curative groups. Ulcers were induced with Indomethacin in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight twice in a gap of 15 hours. Aqueous extract was given in a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight and alcohol in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. It was found that both have potential ulcer healing activity with alcoholic extract marginally better than aqueous extract. It can thus be concluded that Hemidesmus indicus R. Br is a effective drug in peptic ulcers.
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Objective: To assess the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of leaves and stem of Phyllanthus amarus and ethanolic extract of leaves of Tylophora indica against Isoniazid induced liver toxicity in experimental animals. Methods: Liver toxicity was induced by administering Isoniazid 27mg/kg orally for 30 days in Wistar albino rats. Ethanolic (90%) extracts of Phyllanthus amarus (PAEE) and Tylophora indica (TIEE) was administered orally to the experimental animals for 30days. The hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was assessed by analyzing the levels of various biochemical parameters like Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐Glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBL) and albumin (ALB) in serum. Mean while the levels of antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in rat liver homogenate. Results: The results showed that on administration of Isoniazid for 30 days caused a significant increase (p<0.001) in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TBL in serum. At the same time, the serum level of ALB was significantly (p<0.01) reduced in Isoniazid administered rats. The levels of SOD, CAT and GSH in liver homogenate were also decreased significantly (p< 0.01) in Isoniazid administered animals. The levels of above biochemical parameters were significantly (p< 0.001) reversed in rats which received PAEE and TIEE. Conclusion: The present study proves that the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus and Tylophora indica have a significant protective action against isoniazid induced hepatic injury.